ABSTRACT
Resumen La violencia en las parejas adolescentes es un tema de especial importancia por la implicación en la salud y en las relaciones afectivas de los adolescentes. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la influencia del género y de la religión en la violencia física, de comunicación/relación y psicológica, recibidas por los adolescentes, y en la satisfacción con la vida que estos presentan, además, del papel que juegan las conductas sexistas en esta violencia. Los participantes han sido 1 036 adolescentes pertenecientes a siete centros de educación secundaria del sudeste español, de edades comprendidas entre 14 y 19 años, de los que el 48.1 % eran hombres y el 51.9 %, mujeres. Para alcanzar los objetivos de la investigación, junto con los datos demográficos y personales, se aplicó la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS), la Escala de Violencia en la pareja desarrollada y validada para este estudio que recoge tres subescalas: violencia psicológica, violencia física, y violencia en la comunicación y relación con otros. Finalmente, el cuestionario sobre conductas sexistas da información sobre creencias falsas y conductas sexistas. Los resultados muestran niveles más altos de violencia física, psicológica y de comunicación/relación sufrida por los hombres. Aunque son los hombres los que se sienten más satisfechos con la vida y los que manifiestan más conductas sexistas. La creencia religiosa no interviene en la violencia ejercida, pero son los adolescentes practicantes los que se muestran más satisfechos con la vida.
Abstract Teen dating violence is defined as the physical, sexual, psycho-emotional violence that occurs within couple relationships during adolescence. These are relationships that threaten the well-being, health or integrity of the couple and that use mechanisms of control or domination of the couple through coactive or coercive tactics. With this research we have tried to find out about life satisfaction, the physical, psychological and communicative violence suffered by adolescent men and women who are religious or not. In addition, detect sexist behaviours in young people of both sexes and assess behaviours based on religious practice. A descriptive, cross-sectional and predictive study was carried out. Cluster random sampling was carried out when selecting secondary schools in South-eastern Spain. The study included 1 036 adolescents with ages between 14 and 19 years old, of whom 48.1 % were men and 51.9 % women. To fulfill the objectives together with demographic and personal data, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is applied, which assesses the cognitive aspects of well-being. The Psychological Violence Scale is applied with the objective of assessing the psychological and emotional violence. To know the physical violence and authoritarian behaviour, the Physical Violence Scale is applied. Finally, the Violence in Communication and Relationship with Others Scale is introduced for studying online violence and relationship violence. The three violence scales have been adapted, developed and validated by Soriano and Aguilera (2017). Finally, the questionnaire on sexist behaviours collects information on false beliefs and sexist behaviours. The data collection procedure followed the standards set out in the Helsinki Convention (2013) for scientific research involving human participants. Regarding the results, in the first of the logistic regression models, it is good for boys to go out with many girls, but not the other way around (Wald = 14.461; p = .000; OR = 4.047), it is observed to be that boys are 4.047 times more likely to agree with this attitude than girls. Also, it is statistically significant that sometimes you have to threaten others to know who is in charge, (Wald = 8.107; p = .004; OR = 2.173), which indicates that the boys are 2.173 times more likely in accordance with that conduct that the girls. It is also statistically significant that when a woman is assaulted by her partner she will have done something to provoke him, (Wald = 16.315; p = .000; OR = 3.538), making it 3.538 times more likely that boys support this attitude than girls. At the same time, it is statistically significant that the violence that occurs within the home is a family matter and should not leave there, (Wald = 4.132; p = .042; OR = 1.694), which also indicates that boys are 1.694 times more likely to adopt this behaviour than girls. Regarding the perception of violence, it is observed that men perceive more violence than women, being significant for the three types of violence studied (p < .05): Communication, psychological and physical. Personal satisfaction also shows significant results (Z = -2.61; p = .009). In this case, men perceive greatersatisfaction with their life than women. For students with religious beliefs and practices, statistically significant results were evident only in personal satisfaction (Z = -3.42; p = .001), showing that students who practice a religion have more satisfaction with life. The results show higher levels of physical, psychological and communication / relationship violence suffered by men. However, men feel more satisfation with life and show more sexist behaviour. Religious belief does not intervene in violence, but the practicing adolescents are those most satisfied with life.
ABSTRACT
This study investigated patterns of perpetration and perceptions of teen dating violence (TDV) in a sample of 428 adolescents characterized as perpetrators (62.4% female, M=16.73 years of age, SD=1.20) from the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. There was also a comparison group of 132 non-perpetrators (51.5% female, M=16.54 years of age, SD=1.19). The research instruments were a sociodemographic questionnaire, 15 items about the perception of TDV and the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI). We found a rate of 76.43% for the perpetration of some type of TDV and the most frequent was verbal/emotional violence (91.1%). The data showed that adolescents (perpetrators and non-perpetrators) have difficulty recognizing abusive behaviors, legitimizing the use of violence in their romantic relationships. Considering dating violence is a predictor of adult marital violence, the need to raise awareness of the phenomenon and the possibility of preventing TDV is discussed in this study. (AU)
Este estudo investigou padrões de perpetração e percepções de violência nas relações afetivo-sexuais na adolescência (VRASA), em uma amostra de 428 adolescentes caracterizados como perpetradores (62,4% sexo feminino, M = 16,73 anos; DP = 1,20), da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS. Foi adotado um grupo de comparação, composto por 132 adolescentes não perpetradores (51,5% sexo feminino, M = 16,54 anos; DP = 1,19). Os instrumentos utilizados foram questionário sociodemográfico, itens sobre percepção de VRASA e o Inventário de Conflitos nas Relações de Namoro na Adolescência. Foi observada uma taxa de 76,43% para perpetração de algum tipo de VRASA, sendo a mais frequente a violência verbal/emocional (91,1%). Os dados mostram que adolescentes perpetradores e não perpetradores têm dificuldade em reconhecer comportamentos abusivos, legitimando o uso da violência em suas relações amorosas. Considerando que a violência no namoro é preditora da violência conjugal adulta, discute-se a necessidade de uma maior visibilidade do fenômeno, assim como possibilidades de prevenção de VRASA. (AU)
Este estudio investigó los modelos de perpetración y percepciones de violencia en las relaciones afectivo-sexuales en la adolescencia (VRASA), en una muestra de 428 adolescentes caracterizados como perpetradores (62,4% sexo femenino, M = 16,73 años, DP = 1,20), de la región metropolitana de Porto Alegre/RS. Fue adoptado un grupo para comparación, compuesto por 132 adolescentes no perpetradores (51,5% sexo femenino, M = 16,54 años, DP = 1,19). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron cuestionario sociodemográfico, ítems sobre percepción de VRASA y el Inventario de Conflictos en las Relaciones de Enamorar en la Adolescencia). Fue observada una tasa de 76,43% para la perpetración de algún tipo de VRASA, siendo la más frecuente la violencia verbal/emocional (91,1%). Los datos muestran que adolescentes perpetradores y no perpetradores tienen dificultad en reconocer comportamientos abusivos, legitimando el uso de la violencia en sus relaciones amorosas. Considerando que la violencia en el noviazgo es predictora de la violencia conyugal adulta, se discute la necesidad de una mayor visibilidad del fenómeno así como posibilidades de prevención de VRASA. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Courtship/psychology , Intimate Partner Violence/psychology , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el ajuste psicosocial en los adolescentes víctimas de violencia de pareja, considerando posibles diferencias en función de la frecuencia de la victimización y del sexo de los adolescentes. Los indicadores del ajuste psicológico y social analizados son el ánimo depresivo, los sentimientos de soledad, el autoconcepto, la satisfacción con la vida y la calidad de la comunicación con el padre y la madre. Participaron 672 adolescentes españoles (325 chicas, 347 chicos), entre 12 y 19 años (M = 14.45; DT = 1.62). Los resultados indicaron que los adolescentes, chicos y chicas, en situación frecuente de victimización presentan menor autoconcepto familiar, más problemas de comunicación con la madre, mayor ánimo depresivo y sentimientos de soledad y menor satisfacción con la vida que los adolescentes cuya victimización es ocasional. Estos resultados muestran la necesidad de diferenciar entre ambos grupos de adolescentes víctimas de la violencia de pareja.
The objective of this research is to analyze the psychosocial adjustment on adolescent victims of dating violence, considering possible differences in terms of the frequency of victimization and sex of adolescents. The analyzed indicators of psychological and social adjustment are depressed mood, feelings of loneliness, self-concept, satisfaction with life and quality of communication with father and mother. 672 Spanish adolescents (325 girls, 347 boys), aged 12 to 19 years (M=14.45, SD=1.62) participated. The results indicated that adolescents, boys and girls, frequently victimized have less family self-concept, more communication problems with the mother, more depressive mood and feelings of loneliness and less satisfaction with life, than adolescents whose victimization is occasional. These results show the need to differentiate between both groups of adolescent victims of dating violence.